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Gerard K. Butch

Publications and source records attributed to Gerard K. Butch.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 2001; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island

Water resources data for the 2001 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 144 gaging stations; stage only at 10 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 34 gaging stations; and water levels at 7 observation wells. Also included are data for 34 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.

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Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 2000; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island

Water resources data for the 2000 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and 'water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 139 gaging stations; stage only at 10 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 32 gaging stations; and water levels at 5 observation wells. Also included are data for 34 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.

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Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1999, Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding Long Island

Water resources data for the 1999 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 137 gaging stations; stage only at 11 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 39 gaging stations; and water levels at 5 observation wells. Also included are data for 32 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.

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Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year; 1998. Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island

Water resources data for the 1998 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This volume contains records for water discharge at 127 gaging stations; stage only at 10 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 32 gaging stations; and water levels at 4 observation wells. Also included are data for 36 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.

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Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year 1997; Volume 1. Eastern New York; Excluding Long Island

Water resources data for the 1997 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation quality. This volume contains records for water discharge at 117 gaging stations; stage only at 9 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 35 gaging stations and 1 precipitation-quality station; and water levels at 5 observation wells. Also included are data for 38 crest-stage partial-record stations. Locations of all these sites are shown on figure 8. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses.These data together with the data in volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York.

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Water resources data, New York, water year 1996; Volume 1. Eastern New York; excluding Long Island

Introduction Water-resources data for the 1996 water year for New York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation quality. This volume contains records for water discharge at 122 gaging stations; stage only at 7 gaging stations; stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 18 other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 28 gaging stations and 1 precipitation-quality station; and water levels at 3 observation wells. Also included are data for 33 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses in this volume. These data together with the data in Volumes 2 and 3 represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State, Municipal, and Federal agencies in New York. Records of discharge and stage of streams, and contents and stage of lakes and reservoirs, were first published in a series of U.S. Geological Survey water-supply papers entitled, “Surface Water Supply of the United States.” Through September 30, 1960, these water-supply papers were in an annual series and then in a 5-year series for 1961-65 and 1966-70. Records of water quality, water temperatures, and suspended sediment were published from 1941 to 1970 in an annual series of water-supply papers entitled “Quality of Surface Waters of the United States.” Records of ground-water levels were published from 1935 to 1974 in a series of water-supply papers entitled “Ground-Water Levels in the United States.” Water-supply papers may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities and universities in the United States or may be purchased from the U.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Distribution, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304. Since the 1961 water year, streamflow data and since the 1964 water year, water-quality data have been released by the Geological Survey in annual reports on a State-boundary basis. These reports provided rapid release of water data in each state shortly after the end of the water year. Through 1970 the data were also released in the water-supply paper series mentioned above. Streamflow and water-quality data beginning with the 1971 water year, and ground-water data beginning with the 1975 water year are published only in reports on a State-boundary basis. Beginning with the 1975 water year, these Survey reports carry an identification number consisting of the two-letter State abbreviation, the last two digits of the water year, and the volume number. For example, this volume is identified as “U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report NY-96-1.” Water-data reports are for sale in paper copy or in microfiche by the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Additional information, including current prices for ordering specific reports, may be obtained from the District Office at the address given on the back of the title page or by telephone (518) 285-5600.

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Effects of flow duration on local scour at bridge piers in New York

The relation of local scour to the duration of high flows and other hydraulic properties is being studied at 31 bridge sites in New York State. Clear-water scour is common at most of the sites, and local-scour holes that formed during prolonged high flows did not refill during flow recessions. The deepening of about 20 local-scour holes by subsequent high flows indicates that the length of time a flow exceeds a given discharge can affect local scour at a site. Many high flows of short duration did not cause scour. Hourly discharge data collected at nearby U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations were used to develop a hydrograph-based factor that incorporates the duration and magnitude of high flows and the shape of the hydrograph (runoff rate per hour). This factor improved statistically derived estimates of local-scour depth. Combining the hydrograph-based factor with a momentum factor that represents flow velocity, water depth, and bed-material size decreased the standard error of estimate from 60 to 55 percent and increased the coefficient of determination from 0.66 to 0.73. The streambed of the Cohocton River at State Route 333 in Steuben County was lowered 40-60 cm near a pier during a high flow that exceeded the mean-annual peak discharge (Q2) for 71 hours March 31-April 3, 1993. A similar high flow at this site March 30-31, 1993 exceeded the Q2 for 21 hours but produced no scour. The streambed of the Otselic River at State Route 333 in Cortland County was lowered 170 cm near the pier during a high flow that exceeded the Q2 for 27 hours April 10-11, 1993; 30 cm of this scour occurred during the flow recession.

Conference Paper↗

Relation of local scour to hydraulic properties at selected bridges in New York

Hydraulic properties, bridge geometry, and basin characteristics at 31 bridges in New York are being investigated to identify factors that affect local scour. Streambed elevations measured by the U.S. Geological Survey and New York State Department of Transportation are used to estimate local-scour depth. Data that show zero or minor scour were included in the analysis to decrease bias and to estimate hydraulic properties related to local scour. The maximum measured local scour at the 31 bridges for a single peak flow was 5.4 feet, but the deepening of scour holes at two sites to 6.1 feet and 7.8 feet by multiple peak flows could indicate that the number or duration of high flows is a factor. Local scour at a pier generally increased as the recurrence interval (magnitude) of the discharge increased, but the correlation between local-scour depth and recurrence interval was inconsistent among study sites. For example, flows with a 2-year recurrence interval produced 2 feet of local scour at two sites, whereas a flow with a recurrence interval produced 2 feet of local scour at two sites, whereas a flow with a recurrence interval of 50 years produced only 0.5 feet of local scour at another site. Local-scour depth increased with water depth, stream velocity, and Reynolds number but did not correlate well with bed-material size, Froude number, pier geometry, friction slope, or several other hydraulic and basin characteristics.

Conference Paper↗

Estimating bridge scour in New York from historical U.S. geological survey streamflow measurements

Historical streamflow measurements by the U.S. Geological Survey an bridge-inspection reports by the New York State Department of Transportation are being used to estimate scour at 31 bridges in New York State. Streamflow measurements that were made before, during, or after high flows are used to estimate scour and to define hydraulic properties associated with floods. Clear-water scour is common at most sites; local scour holes that formed during high flows did not refill after subsequent high flows. The 31 streambeds are armored by gravel; median particle size ranges form 22 to 68 millimeters. Streambed elevations measured after a high flow are assumed to represent the elevations during peak flow. Measurements at several bridges indicate scour by multiple high flows, severe floods, and debris. Three high flows at State Route 23 over the Otselic River in Cortland County produced 6.1 feet of local scour and partly exposed concrete pilings below the footing. Although the recurrence interval of each flow was less than 10 years, a 30-degree angle between the flow and the pier increased the tendency of the streambed to scour. State Route 427 over the Chemung River in Chemung County survived the 1972 flood ( recurrence interval greater than 100 years) because pilings supported the undermined piers. The maximum local scour during the 1972 flood was estimated to be 5.4 feet. A local-scour hole, 2.4 feet deep before the flood, was deepened to 7.8 feet.

Conference Paper↗