Geology topics
George R. Schiner
Publications and source records attributed to George R. Schiner.
Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, September 1980
A September 1980 potentiometric-surface map of the Southwest Florida Water Management District depicts the annual high water-level period. Potentiometric levels rose 1 to 31 feet between May 1980 and September 1980 in the citrus and farming sections of southern Hillsborough, northern Hardee, southwestern Polk, northwestern DeSoto, and Manatee Counties. Water levels in these areas are widely affected by reduced pumping for irrigation and have the greatest range in fluctuations. Generally, potentiometric levels were lower than previous September levels except in Citrus, eastern Levy, and western Marion Counties where levels were 0 to 8 feet higher. (USGS)
Potentiometric surface of the Floridan Aquifer, Southwest Florida Water Management District, May 1980
A May 1980 potentiometric-surface map of the Southwest Florida Water Management District depicts the annual low water-level period. Potentiometric levels decreased 5 to 36 feet between September 1979 and May 1980, in the citrus and farming sections of southern Hillsborough, southwestern Polk, northwestern DeSoto , Hardee, and Manatee Counties. Water levels in these areas are widely affected by pumping for irrigation and have the greatest range in fluctuations. Water-level decreases ranged from 0 to 8 feet in coastal, northern, and southern areas of the Water Management District. Generally, potentiometric levels were lower than previous May levels except in the northernmost and southernmost counties where water levels were 1 to 5 feet higher. (USGS)
Potentiometric surface map of the Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 1979
This map presents the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 1979. The Floridan aquifer is the principal source of potable water in the area. Water-level measurements were made on approximately 1200 wells and on several springs. The potentiometric surface is shown by 5-foot contour intervals except in the Fernandina Beach area where 20-foot intervals are used to show a deep cone of depression. This is the fourth map of a series covering the entire St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity. Two maps cover the low water-level period in May and two show the high-water period in September. The potentiometric surface ranged from 125 feet above the National Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD) in Polk County to 120 feet below NGVD in Nassau County. (USGS)
Selected water resources data, Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins, northwestern Pennsylvania: Part 2
This report presents selected basic data collected during a study of the water resources of the Clarion River and Redbank Creek basins in northwestern Pennsylvania. Hydrologic information including data on aquifers, water levels, and yields is presented for 1,304 wells. Records for 51 springs are also given. The report contains 83 chemical analyses of water samples collected from 30 stream sites and 300 analyses of water from 196 wells and 43 springs. Also included are 103 trace-element analyses. Monthly and annual means of ground-water levels for six observation wells are tabulated. Benthic invertebrate data from 136 stream sites are listed. Locations of data-collection sites are shown on 50 page-size reductions of 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle maps. (Kosco-USGS)
Geology and groundwater resources of western Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Western Crawford County is in northwestern Pennsylvania. The project area is 15 to 20 miles south of Lake Erie and is bordered on the west by Ohio. Drift of Pleistocene age (Wisconsinan Age) covers most of the area, which is a maturely dissected plateau. The drift in the upland area is mostly till, which ranges in thickness from 0 to 25 feet. In the large stream valleys and deep buried valleys the drift is as much as 500 feet thick. The bedrock was mapped in detail and consists of rocks of Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian age. Devonian rocks underlie the entire area and form the bedrock surface in most of the northern one third of the area and in the deep bedrock valleys. Mississippian formations underlie the uplands in the southern two thirds of the area; these are capped by thin remnants of Pennsylvanian rocks and knobs near the south edge of the area.
Geology and hydrology of western Crawford County, Pennsylvania
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Mississippian stratigraphy of northwestern Pennsylvania
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The Shenango Formation (Mississippian) in northwestern Pennsylvania
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Geology and ground-water conditions of the Redwood Falls area, Redwood County, Minnesota
The Redwood Falls area includes about 80 square miles in southwestern Minnesota and is about 100 miles west of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Its surface is a gently undulating glacial-drift plain, interrupted in part by the large Minnesota River valley and the tributary Redwood River valley. The drift plain was laid down by the Des Moines lobe of the Wisconsin Glaciation and consists chiefly of ground moraine and several subdued recessional moraines. The glacial drift rests either on Precambrian gneiss or on thin patches of Cretaceous sedimentary strata that overlie the Precambrian bedrock. The glacial drift consists principally of till and some outwash and ranges in thickness from 0 to about 260 feet. It is the chief source of ground water, yielding small supplies almost anywhere in the area and large supplies in at least two places. Where the drift is absent, thin, or impermeable, small yields commonly are obtained from the Precambrian bedrock. The most notable aquifers in the area are three buried outwash deposits that are associated with a conspicuous southeastward-trending buried bedrock valley. The tops of the aquifers occur about 70,120, and 200 feet below the land surface, and their maximum known thicknesses are about 25, 55, and 45 feet, respectively. The aquifers are confined largely by relatively impermeable till; however, owing to the movement of water through the till, the drift may be regarded as a hydraulic unit. The main source of recharge to the ground-water reservoir is local precipitation, and most of the natural discharge is by evapotranspiration. The water table ranges in depth from 0 to about 30 feet below the land surface. Aquifer tests were made on the three outwash aquifers to determine their hydraulic characteristics. The coefficient of transmissibility (T) of the 200-foot aquifer is about 126,000 gpd (gallons per day) per ft, and the coefficient of storage (8) is about 0.0002. The T and S values of the 120-foot aquifer are about the same as for the 200-foot aquifer. For the 70-foot aquifer the value of T is about 70,000 gpd per ft, and S is about 0.0007. The data suggest that when the artesian head in the aquifers is lowered by pumping, recharge is induced by leakage from the confining beds. The 120-foot aquifer is considered the best known source of ground water In the area. The city of Redwood Falls has used this aquifer for its water supply since August 1955 and, in 1960, pumped about 106 million gallons from it. The water level in the aquifer had stabilized by late 1956; considerable additional water probably can be obtained from the aquifer. Although the 70-foot aquifer is not as extensive or as thick as the one at 120 feet, large amounts of water probably can be obtained from this aquifer also. The 200-foot aquifer is narrow, elongate, and irregular in form and appears to be very permeable only locally. Chemical analyses show that water from the glacial-drift aquifers is primarily of the bicarbonate type, is hard, and contains an excessive amount of iron. In places water from the Precambrian bedrock is much softer than water from the drift.
Ground-water resources of Block Island, Rhode Island
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Ground-water exploration and test pumping in the Halma-Lake Bronson area, Kittson County, Minnesota
The Halma-Lake Bronson area covers about 80 square miles in the northwestern corner of Minnesota. It is a relatively featureless poorly drained glacial drift plain which slopes gently to the west about 10 feet per mile. The plain is interrupted by sand dunes and by beach deposits of Glacial Lake Agassiz. In the northeastern part of the area, the glacial drift rests on Preeambrian crystalline basement rock; throughout the rest of the area the drift is underlain by shale, limestone, and sandstone of Ordovician age, and probably by shale and limestone of Cretaceous age. Information from 75 test holes showed that, except for minor amounts of surficial swamp sediments, eolian sand, and alluvium, the area is underlain by a'bout 320 to 420 feet of glacial drift. The most important aquifers are the relatively coarse-grained glacial outwash deposits that constitute part of the drift. The principal aquifer is a series of outwash deposits, ranging in thickness from 0 to about 280 feet, that fill a north-south trending valley cut in the underlying relatively impermeable drift. The deposits in this buried valley have an average thickness of about 130 feet in an area about 8 miles long and 3 miles wide, and are considered as a hydrologic unit. The main source of ground-water recharge is precipitation on the part of the area underlain by the principal series of outwash deposits; evapotranspiration accounts for most of the discharge. The sandy texture of the soil and the flat topography are particularly conducive to recharge, and there is extremely little surface runoff. The average depth to the water table is about 8 feet below land surface. Although the regional slope of the water table is probably to the west, locally the gradient is toward Lake Bronson and South Branch Two Rivers. Pumping tests of the outwash deposits in 2 parts of the buried valley indicate that the average coefficients of transmissibility were about 80,000 gpd per ft and about 50,000 gpd per ft. The field coefficients of permeability were about 800 and 300 gpd per sq ft, respectively. About 65 billion gallons of ground water is estimated to be in storage in the area underlain by the principal aquifer. There are no large ground-water developments in the area. The average depth of farm wells and the few municipal wells is about 25 feet. Chemical analyses of water from the principal aquifer show that the water is primarily of the bicarbonate type. The water is hard, and contains high iron Concentrations. Most wells yield water that is softer and less mineralized than ground water from the adjacent area to the west. Large quantities of water suitable for most industrial purposes are available in the Halma-Lake Bronson area. Yields of 1,000 to 2,000 gpm could probably be obtained from wells located by an adequate program of exploratory drilling and test pumping.