Geology topics

G. Young

Publications and source records attributed to G. Young.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

USGS2007

Multi-scale reservoir modeling as an integrated assessment tool for geo-sequestration in the San Juan Basin

The Southwestern Regional Partnership on CO2 Sequestration conducted an Enhanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM)/Carbon Storage Pilot in the San Juan Basin as part of the ongoing DOE/NETL Carbon Capture and Storage Program. The primary goal of this pilot is to demonstrate the efficacy of using CO2 to enhance coalbed methane recovery particularly near reservoir abandonment pressure while also evaluating the suitability of coal seams for longer-term carbon storage. Basic geologic models of the coal seams were developed from well logs in the area. Production histories from several surrounding CBM wells were shown. To monitor the injection of up to 75,000 ton of CO2 beginning September 2007, seismic surveys and tiltmeter arrays were utilized. Larger-scale geo-hydrodynamic simulations were used to develop a regional model for the fluid dynamics of the northern San Juan Basin. Smaller-scale reservoir simulations, incorporating available laboratory and field data, were used to develop an improved understanding of reservoir dynamics within the specific 640-acre pilot area. Both modeling scales were critical to assessing the suitability of deploying commercial carbon storage programs throughout the basin. Reservoir characterization results on the optimization of total CO2 injection volume, injection rate over time, and how CO2 is expected to disperse after injection are presented. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2007 AIChE Annual Meeting (Salt Lake City, UT 11/4-9/2007).

Conference Paper↗

USGS1994

Physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum)

Several experiments were performed to investigate the physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass, Morone saxatilis . Transfer of fish from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW; 31–32 ppt) induced only a minimal disturbance of osmotic homeostasis. Ambient salinity did not affect plasma thyroxine, but plasma cortisol remained elevated for 24h after SW transfer. Gill and opercular membrane chloride cell density and Na + ,K + -ATPase activity were relatively high and unaffected by salinity. Average chloride cell size, however, was slightly increased (16%) in SW-acclimated fish. Gill succinate dehydrogenase activity was higher in SW-acclimated fish than in FW fish. Kidney Na + , K + -ATPase activity was slightly lower (16%) in SW fish than in FW fish. Posterior intestinal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity and water transport capacity (J v ) did not change upon SW transfer, whereas middle intestinal Na + ,K + -ATPase activity increased 35% after transfer and was correlated with an increase in J v (110%). As salinity induced only minor changes in the osmoregulatory organs examined, it is proposed that the intrinsic euryhalinity of the striped bass may be related to a high degree of “preparedness” for hypoosmoregulation that is uncommon among teleosts studied to data.

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry↗

USGS1993

Effects of salinity on chloride cells and Na+ K+-ATPase activity in the teleost Gillchthys mirabilis

1. Longjawed mudsuckers, Gillichthys mirabilis , in 30ppt seawater (SW) were transferred to 1.5, 30 and 60ppt SW. 2. In the first 1–3 days after transfer, plasma chloride level and plasma osmolarity rose in the 60ppt SW fish, and decreased in the 1.5ppt SW fish. 3. By day 21, however, plasma chloride and osmolarity were at or near the levels seen in the controls (30ppt). 4. Branchial and jawskin Na + , K + -ATPase activities were high in all salinities, and did not differ significantly among treatments. 5. The vital fluorescent stains DASPEI and anthroylouabain were used to detect mitochondria and Na + , K + -ATPase, respectively, in chloride cells. 6. Both stains indicated that jawskin chloride cell density did not differ among treatment groups. 7. In contrast, chloride cell size increased significantly with increasing salinity. 8. The chloride cells of fish in 60 ppt SW were noticeably angular in outline, whereas those of both the 1.5 and 30ppt SW fish were circular. 9. The results are discussed in relation to the ion transport requirements encountered in the intertidal habitat of the mudsucker.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: P↗

USGS1992

Stimulation of coho salmon growth by insulin-like growth factor I

The effect of insulin-like growth factor I on growth rate of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) was examined. Juvenile coho salmon received implants of osmotic minipumps containing recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor I (rbIGF-I) or saline for a period of 3 to 4 weeks. High doses of rbIGF-I (>0.13 μg · g −1 · d −1 ) resulted in hypoglycemia and death. In 2-year-old coho salmon, 0.09 μg · g −1 · d −1 rbIGF-I administered for 25 days doubled linear growth rate and increased growth rate in weight by 40%. In rapidly growing, 1-year-old coho salmon, growth rate was not altered by rbIGF-I at 0.01 or 0.05 μg · g −1 · d −1 for 31 days. In ration-limited fish exhibiting slow growth in the control group, rbIGF-I (0.02 to 0.12 μg · g −1 · d −1 ) increased linear growth rate by up to threefold and growth rate in weight by up to fourfold. The results indicate that exogenous treatment with mammalian IGF-I can stimulate coho salmon growth under some conditions, and that endogenous IGF-I may be an important factor in regulating growth of teleosts.

General and Comparative Endocrinology↗