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Fred K. Fields

Publications and source records attributed to Fred K. Fields.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado

The White River is the largest stream in the southeastern part of the Uinta Basin in Utah and Colorado. This map shows the changes that have occurred in the location of the main channel of the river from 1936 to 1974. The map indicated that certain reaches of the river are subject to different rates of channel migration. Also shown is the boundary of the flood plain, which is mapped at the point of abrupt break in slope. This map documents the position of the river channel prior to any withdrawals of water or alteration of the flow characteristics of the white river that may occur in order to meet water requirements principally associated with the proposed oil-shale industry or other development in the area. The channel locations were determined from aerial photographs taken at four different time periods for the following Federal agencies: In 1936, U.S. Soil Conservation Services; 1953, U.S. Corps of Engineers; 1965, U.S. Geological Survey; and in 1974, U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The 1936 delineation, which is actually based upon photographs that were taken in 1936 and 1937, was made by projection of the original photographs on a base map that was prepared from 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. The 1953, 1965, and 1974 delineations were produced from stereographic models. The 1965 delineation was compiled from photographs that were taken during 1962-65. The delineation is labeled as 1965 for simplicity, however, because the photographs for 1965 cover about 60 percent of the study read of the river, and because no changed were discernable in those areas of repetitive photographic coverage.

Colorado, Utah↗

Climatic and streamflow estimates for northeastern Utah

This report shows how information from 44 air-temperature, 59 precipitation, and 86 streamflow sites was converted to a common-time base of 1941-70, and how general relations were developed to extend the converted point values to unsampled sites. Two methods, regression and ratio, were used to convert the data to a common-time base. Both methods require a period of concurrent data at two sites. After an estimating equation has been defined from concurrent data, the regression method requires data at the independent site only during the record voids of the dependent site. The independent site must have a complete record, however, if the ratio method is to be used. Regression techniques were used to fill voids in the air-temperature data base and to determine the correlation of monthly and annual averages, the average annual distribution, and equations that can be used to estimate average monthly and seasonal air temperature, precipitation, and streamflow. Incomplete precipitation and streamflow records were adjusted to the 1941-70 average on the assumption that the ratio of con- current data is directly proportional to the ratio of the respective 1941-70 average annual values at nearby sites. The average monthly air temperature at a short-term collection site generally can be approximated with a standard error of estimate of less than 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius). The standard deviation of the precipitation residuals, about the averages of the estimates for all incomplete-record sites, is 0.42 inch (11 millimetres). The average annual precipitation at the 59 sites used in this analysis is 16.2 inches (411 millimetres). Two-thirds of the streamflow estimates are within 13.0 cubic feet per second (0.37 cubic metres per second) of the averages of the site estimates, which is about 10 percent of the sample average. Altitude and location can be used to estimate the average annual temperature and precipitation. Schematic diagrams, plotted by computer, were prepared to show variations of altitude, temperature, and precipitation. Maps, also plotted by computer, show lines of equal altitude, precipitation, and temperature. Average annual streamflow can be estimated on the basis of drainage area and the average annual precipitation. Equations for these estimates have standard errors of estimate ranging from 30 to 125 percent.

Utah↗

Model for evaluating the effects of dikes on the water and salt balance of Great Salt Lake, Utah

A model was developed for predicting the water and salt budget for various diking options in Great Salt Lake. The water budget was computed for 1-month intervals during a base period of 1931-73. The storage change (AS) during each month of the base period was computed from a budget of surface inflow (Is), groundwater inflow (Ig), precipitation on the lake surface (Ip), and outflow from evaporation (Oe), where AS = Is + Ig +Ip - Oe. The total annual inflow to Great Salt Lake ranged from about 1.5 to 5 million acre-feet (1,849.5 to 6,165.0 cubic hectometres). The Bear River contributes the largest percentage of the measured surface inflow. The total annual outflow from the lake (evaporation) ranged from about 2.2 to 4.0 million acre-feet (2,712.6 to 4,932.0 cubic hectometres) during 1931-73. The average annual evaporation was 2.98 million acrefeet (3,674.3 cubic hectometres) or 45 inches (1,143 millimetres) per year. The model provides for nine diking options. These include combinations of eight areas east of a line joining Antelope Island, Fremont Island, and the Promontory Mountains. Another option includes the part of Great Salt Lake that lies north of the Southern Pacific Transportation Co. causeway, which divides the main body of the lake into north and south parts. The model treats the salt balance of the diked areas from the standpoint of an inflow-outflow balance with complete mixing, and no allowances are made for any stratification or chemical changes due to interaction with the sediments or solution of entrapped brines or residual salts. Because the degree of inaccuracy created by these assumptions is not known, the concentrations predicted by the model should be regarded not as absolute but as relative indexes by which to compare various diking alternatives.

Utah↗

Streamflow characteristics in northeastern Utah and adjacent areas

This report contains statistical summaries of streamflow records from 74 gaging stations, which are mostly in northeastern Utah. Low- flow, high-flow, and flow-duration summaries were compiled from daily discharge values; and flows of each month are compared through correlation with flows of 1, 2, and 12 months in the future.

Utah↗

Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico

This report is a compilation of data pertaining to floods in Rios Guayanilla and Yauco and is based principally upon information obtained from residents in the study area. This information is a useful tool in making land-use and development decisions. The Guayanilla and Yauco basins lie in the southwestern part of Puerto Rico. The streams flow southward from the rugged Cordillera Central and empty into Bahia de Guayanilla. The lower basins are devoted principally to the production of sugarcane and are subject to destructive floods. Details pertaining to basin features, flood frequency, flood profiles, and inundated areas are discussed by individual basins. All elevations given are in meters above mean sea level.

Puerto Rico↗

A proposed streamflow-data program for Puerto Rico

The streamflow-data program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Puerto Rico has been one of the principal parts of an overall appraisal of the water resources of the Island since the initiation of a cooperative agreement with agencies of the Commonwealth Government in 1957. The streamflow-station network has increased in direct response to demand for data to support planning for the rapidly accelerated industrial and population growth that has occurred since.

Puerto Rico↗

Floods in the Guayanilla-Yauco area, Puerto Rico

This report is a compilation of data pertaining to floods in Rios Guayanilla and Yauco, based principally upon information obtained from residents in the study area. This information is a useful tool in making land-use and development decisions. The Guayanilla and Yauco basins lie in the southwestern part of Puerto Rico. The streams flow southward from the rugged Cordillera Central and empty into Bahia de Guayanilla. The lower basins are devoted principally to the production of sugarcane and are subject to destructive floods. Details pertaining to basin features, flood frequency, flood profiles, and inundated areas are discussed by individual basins. All elevations given are in meters above mean sea level.

Guayanilla-Yauco area↗