Geology topics
E. E. Morris
Publications and source records attributed to E. E. Morris.
Ground-water quality and preliminary assessment of the potential for contamination beneath agricultural lands in central Lonoke County, Arkansas
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Arkansas ground-water quality
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Extent and source of saltwater intrusion into the alluvial aquifer near Brinkley, Arkansas, 1984
An approximate area of 56 sq mi of the alluvial aquifer just north of Brinkley, Arkansas, has been contaminated by saltwater (chloride concentration > or = 50 mg/L) intruded from underlying aquifers. The contamination was mapped from water quality data for 217 wells. Saltwater problems appear to have spread rapidly in the alluvial aquifer since the late 1940's. Chemical comparisons indicate that the alluvial aquifer was contaminated by water from the Sparta aquifer which in turn was contaminated by the underlying Nacatoch aquifer. The possibility of intrusion into the alluvial aquifer through abandoned oil and gas test wells was investigated but no evidence could be found to support this possibility. Upward movement into the alluvial aquifer from the underlying Sparta aquifer through the thinned or absent Jackson confining unit appears to be the principal reason for saltwater in the alluvial aquifer. Increased withdrawals of water from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation and public supply appear to have contributed to this upward movement. (Author 's abstract)
Quality of water resources of the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas
Surface water and groundwater quality was documented in the Ouachita National Forest by collecting surface water quality data at 15 points and groundwater quality data at 11 sites from April 1984 through August 1985. The data were compared to drinking water standards and the results are tabulated. Surface water in the Ouachita National Forest is relatively abundant. It is low in mineralization and chemically suitable for most uses with minimal treatment. Groundwater is relatively scarce. The low yields of wells limit the use of groundwater primarily to domestic use. The water is chemically suitable for most purposes but may require treatment for the removal of iron. (Peters-PTT)
Compilation of data collected and derived for water years 1980 and 1981 for the purpose of water-quality modeling of the lower Ouachita River and selected tributaries, south-central Arkansas
This report represents water-quality, sediment oxygen demand, phytoplankton, periphyton, bacteria, instantaneous and mean-daily discharge, stream geometry, time of travel, reaeration data and other water quality collected on the lower Ouachita River (from just upstream of Little Missouri River to Lock and Dam 6), West Two Bayou, Smackover Creek, Haynes Creek and selected tributaries. The data were collected primarily between August 1980 and September 1981. Over 100 sites were sampled, but most were sampled only during two intensive sampling periods in mid-August of 1980 and mid-September of 1981. The water-quality data include measurements of pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, whole-water nitrogen species, total phosphorus, total orthophosphorus, dissolved chlorides, dissolved sulfate, ultimate biochemical oxygen demand and organic carbon. The phytoplankton and periphyton data include measurements of chlorophyll a and b, taxonomic identification cell counts and weights. Limited precipitation data are also included. Maps and schematic diagrams of the lower Ouachita River, West Two Bayou, Smackover Creek and Haynes Creek drainage systems show the location of the data-collection sites within the area. (USGS)
Water-quality assessment of the Illinois River basin, Arkansas
A water-quality assessment was made of Illinois River, Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, and Osage Creek in northwest Arkansas. Data were collected to calibrate and verify steady-state digital, stream, water-quality models. The models were then used to simulate changes in instream diel-minimum dissolved-oxygen resulting from changes in nutrient loading. The city of Fayetteville proposes to divert part of its projected wastewater-treatment plant discharge to Illinois River. Muddy Fork, Spring Creek, and Osage Creek currently received effluent from the cities of Prairie Grove, Springdale, and Rogers, respectively. The diel-minimum dissolved-oxygen standard for each of these streams is 4.0 mg/L under projected loadings. Data collected indicate that none of the four streams meet Arkansas state standards for diel-minimum dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria. Computed dissolved-oxygen deficits indicate that benthal demand is the principal reason for dissolved-oxygen not meeting standards. Model simulations indicate that Spring Creek and Osage Creek can meet dissolved oxygen standards with stringent effluent limits imposed at the inspecting waste water-treatment plants; Muddy Fork and Illinois River can not. (USGS)
Water-quality assessment of White River between Lake Sequoyah and Beaver Reservoir, Washington County, Arkansas
The Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology and U.S. Geological Survey conducted a water quality assessment be made of the White River and, that a steady-state digital model be calibrated and used as a tool for simulating changes in nutrient loading. The city of Fayetteville 's wastewater-treatment plant is the only point-source discharger of waste effluent to the river. Data collected during synoptic surveys downstream from the wastewater-treatment plan indicate that temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, un-ionized ammonia, total phosphorus, and floating solids and depositable materials did not meet Arkansas stream standards. Nutrient loadings below the treatment plant result in dissolved oxygen concentrations as low as 0.0 milligrams per liter. Biological surveys found low macroinvertebrate organism diversity and numerous dead fish. Computed dissolved oxygen deficits indicate that benthic demands are the most significant oxygen sinks in the river downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant. Benthic oxygen demands range from 2.8 to 11.0 grams per meter squared per day. Model projections indicate that for 7-day, 10-year low-flow conditions and water temperature of 29 degrees Celsius, daily average dissolved oxygen concentrations of 6.0 milligrams per liter can be maintained downstream from the wastewater-treatment plant if effluent concentrations of ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen are 7.5 (5.0 5-day demand) and 2 milligrams per liter respectively. Model sensitivity analysis indicate that dissolved oxygen concentrations were most sensitive to changes in stream temperature. (USGS)