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Geology topics

E. A. Jenne

Publications and source records attributed to E. A. Jenne.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS2024

Surface charge density dependency on Al2O3 content in imogolite

An analysis of the available literature data indicates that the cation exchange capacity and surface charge density of imogolite decrease systematically as the mole % of Al 2 O 3 (i.e. 100 Al 2 O 3 /SIO 2 + Al 2 O 3 ) increases. This behavior is analogous to that of synthetic aluminosilicates. In contrast, no relation is apparent between the cation exchange capacity and mole % Al 2 O 3 for allophane. This difference is rather striking and although both are amorphic, i.e. show minimal specific X-ray diffraction effects, imogolite is somewhat more crystalline than allophane (Russell et al., 1969)

Clays and Clay Minerals↗
USGS1985

Selected methods for dissolved iron (II, III) and dissolved sulfide (-II) determinations in geothermal waters

Dissolved sulfide (-II) and dissolved iron (II, III) were determined in geothermal well water samples collected at Cerro Prieto, Mexico. Most samples consisted of liquid and gas (two phases) at the instant of collection; and a subset of samples, referred to as ' flashed ' samples, consisted of pressurized steam samples which were allowed to condense. Sulfide was determined by sulfide specific ion electrode; Fe(II) and Fe(III) plus Fe(II) were determined spectrophotometrically. The precision and accuracy of the methods were evaluated for these high-silica waters with replicate analyses, spike recoveries, and an alternate method. Direct current (d.c.) argon plasma emission spectrometry was the alternate method used for Fe(III)-plus-Fe(II) analyses. Mean dissolved iron concentrations ranged from 20.2 to 834 micrograms/L (ug/L) as Fe(II) and 26.8 to 904 ug/L as Fe(III) plus Fe(II). Mean sulfide concentrations ranged from about 0.01 to 5.3 mg/L (S-II) Generally, higher S(-II) values and larger Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios were found in the two-phase samples. These findings suggest that the ' flashed ' samples are at a less reduced state than the two-phase samples. (Author 's abstract)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1984

Specific-lon electrode determinations of sulfide preconcentrated from San Francisco Bay waters

Measurements of low-level dissolved-sulfide concentrations in estuarine water from San Francisco Bay have been made using the sulfide-specific electrode after preservation, separation, and preconcentration of the sulfide species. The separation and preconcentration were acheived by coprecipitation of ZnS with Zn(OH)2 followed by collection and dissolution of the precipitate, giving concentration factors up to 160-fold Preconcentration provided sulfide solutions that were adequately measurable within the practical working range of the specific-ion electrode The sulfide detection limit with the preconcentration step is 0 02 ??g/l Spike recoveries in the range of 81 to 10 1% have been achieved for laboratory-prepared samples having S2- concentrations as low as 0 6 ??g/l and 84 to 100% for an estuarine sample spiked in the field with 2 ??g/l (S(-II) Positive correlations have been found between dissolved S(-II) concentrations and concentrations of dissolved Cd, Cu, and Ni, negative correlations have been found between bisulfide (HS-) activity and activities of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ species ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.

Environmental Geology and Water Sciences↗
USGS1983

Preliminary plasma spectrometric analyses for selected elements in some geothermal waters from Cerro Prieto, Mexico

As part of a cooperative study with Dr. Alfred Truesdell, water samples collected from geothermal power production wells at Cerro Prieto, Mexico, were analyzed for selected elements by d.c. argon plasma emission spectroscopy. Spectral interferences due to the presence of high concentrations of Ca, Si, Na and K in these water affected the apparent concentration values obtained. These effects were evaluated and correction techniques were developed and applied to the analytical values. Precipitates present in the samples at the time of analysis adversely affected the accuracy, precision and interpretability of the data. (USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1980

Determining the availability of sediment-bound trace metals to aquatic deposit-feeding animals

Physicochemical form affects, by as much as 1000 fold, the uptake rate by deposit-feeding clams of metals bound to sediments. The strength of metal binding to the different sedimentary binding substrates controls this effect. Statistical studies that were spatially intensive (comparing 35 stations in 17 estuaries) and temporally intensive (2 stations through 2 years time) indicate that sediments control the availability of Ag, Cd, Co, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn, and possibly Cu to clams and polychaete worms in nature. Metal concentrations removed from sediments by chemical extractants generally follow availability better than do total metal concentrations, but the specific extractant differs among different metals. Concentrations of binding substrates (Fe, Mn, organic carbon, humic substances) also statistically explain a proportion of the variance of metal concentrations in the animals, suggesting that metal partitioning among substrates in sediments is an important control on metal availability. The specific substrates which contribute to availability also differ among metals. Statistical assessment of metal form in sediments suggested that different substrates compete for the partitioning of metals, that each metal is partitioned among a variety of forms in an oxidized sediment, and that partitioning will vary with the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments. (USGS)

Open-File Report↗
USGS1977

Fluorite solubility equilibria in selected geothermal waters

Calculation of chemical equilibria in 351 hot springs and surface waters from selected geothermal areas in the western United States indicate that the solubility of the mineral fluorite, CaF 2 , provides an equilibrium control on dissolved fluoride activity. Waters that are undersaturated have undergone dilution by non-thermal waters as shown by decreased conductivity and temperature values, and only 2% of the samples are supersaturated by more than the expected error. Calculations also demonstrate that simultaneous chemical equilibria between the thermal waters and calcite as well as fluorite minerals exist under a variety of conditions. Testing for fluorite solubility required a critical review of the thermodynamic data for fluorite. By applying multiple regression of a mathematical model to selected published data we have obtained revised estimates of the p K (10,96), ΔG o f (−280.08 kcal/mole), ΔH o f (−292.59 kcal/mole), S° (16.39 cal/deg/mole) and C o P (16.16 cal/deg/mole) for CaF 2 at 25°C and 1 atm. Association constants and reaction enthalpies for fluoride complexes with boron, calcium and iron are included in this review. The excellent agreement between the computer-based activity products and the revised p K suggests that the chemistry of geothermal waters may also be a guide to evaluating mineral solubility data where major discrepancies are evident.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta↗
USGS1976

Backflushing Filters for Field Processing of Water Samples Prior to Trace-Element Analyses

A portable unit is described for filtering water samples at field sites in such a manner that the filtrate is suitable for analysis not only of major constituents but also of trace elments at the mocrogram-per-liter level. A battery-operated peristaltic pump forces the water sample through medical-grade silicone tubing into and through an all-plastic in-line filter which can be backflushed when sediment clogs the filter membrane. Initial filtration rate exceeds 500 milliliter/minute and, because of the backflushing feature, a total time for filtering high-sediment-bearing waster samples is greatly reduced. (Woodard-USGS)

Water-Resources Investigations Report↗
USGS1973

The sorption of silver by poorly crystallized manganese oxides

The sorption of silver by poorly crystallized manganese oxides was studied using synthesized samples of three members of the manganous manganite (birnessite) group, of different chemical composition and crystallinity, and a poorly organized γ-MnO 2 . All four oxides sorbed significant quantities of silver. The manganous manganites showed the greatest sorption (up to 0.5 moles silver/mole MnO x at pH 7) while the γ-MnO 2 showed the least (0.3 moles silver/ mole MnO x at pH 7). Sorption of silver was adequately described by the Langmuir equation over a considerable concentration range. The relationship failed at low pH values and high equilibrium silver concentrations. The sorption capacity showed a direct relationship with pH. However, the rate of increase of sorption capacity decreased at the higher pH values. Silver sorption maxima. were not directly related to surface area but appeared to vary with the amount of occluded sodium and potassium present in the manganese oxide. The important processes involved in the uptake of silver by the four poorly crystallized manganese oxides ara considered to be surface exchange for manganese, potassium and sodium as well as exchange for structural manganese, potassium and sodium.

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta↗
USGS1971

Gold content of natural waters in Colorado

Neutron activation analysis of 67 samples of water draining from gold-barren and gold-enriched sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks of the Colorado Front Range reveals a relatively small range in total gold content (nondetectable to 150 nanograms per liter). "Solute" gold concentrations were generally higher than particulate gold concentrations and both were unrelated to rock or water types. The data suggest the occurrence of a spring flush out of "solute" gold in groundwater discharge during the snow-melt recharge period but indicate that direct hydrogeochemical prospecting for gold is unpromising.

Colorado↗