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Dagfin John Cederstrom

Publications and source records attributed to Dagfin John Cederstrom.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1973

Cost analysis of ground-water supplies in the North Atlantic region, 1970

The cost of municipal and industrial ground water (or, more specifically, large supplies of ground water) at the wellhead in the North Atlantic Region in 1970 generally ranged from 1.5 to 5 cents per thousand gallons. Water from crystalline rocks and shale is relatively expensive. Water from sandstone is less so. Costs of water from sands and gravels in glaciated areas and from Coastal Plain sediments range from moderate to very low. In carbonate rocks costs range from low to fairly high. The cost of ground water at the wellhead is low in areas of productive aquifers, but owing to the cost of connecting pipe, costs increase significantly in multiple-well fields. In the North Atlantic Region, development of small to moderate supplies of ground water may offer favorable cost alternatives to planners, but large supplies of ground water for delivery to one point cannot generally be developed inexpensively. Well fields in the less productive aquifers may be limited by costs to 1 or 2 million gallons a day, but in the more favorable aquifers development of several tens of millions of gallons a day may be practicable and inexpensive. Cost evaluations presented cannot be applied to any one specific well or specific site because yields of wells in any one place will depend on the local geologic and hydrologic conditions; however, with such cost adjustments as may be necessary, the methodology presented should have wide applicability. Data given show the cost of water at the wellhead based on the average yield of several wells. The cost of water delivered by a well field includes costs of connecting pipe and of wells that have the yields and spacings specified. Cost of transport of water from the well field to point of consumption and possible cost of treatment are not evaluated. In the methodology employed, costs of drilling and testing, pumping equipment, engineering for the well field, amortization at 5% percent interest, maintenance, and cost of power are considered. The report includes an analysis of test drilling costs leading to a production well field. The discussion shows that test drilling is a relatively low cost item and that more than a minimum of test holes in a previously unexplored area is, above all, simple insurance in keeping down costs and may easily result in final lower costs for the system. Use of the jet drill for testing is considered short sighted and may result in higher total costs and possibly failure to discover good aquifers. Economic development of ground water supplies will depend on obtaining qualified hydrologic and engineering advice, on carrying out adequate test drilling, and on utilizing high-quality (at times, more costly) material.

Water Supply Paper↗
USGS1972

Evaluation of yields of wells in consolidated rocks, Virginia to Maine

In the North Atlantic region, Virginia to Maine, yields of industrial and municipal wells are the most reliable indicators of the water-yielding potential of consolidated rocks. Generally, such wells represent efforts to develop a maximum supply of water, they are 350 to 500 feet deep, and they utilize 60 to 150 feet of drawdown. In multiple-well developments, average yields of wells per 100 feet of drawdown range from less than 75 gallons per minute in the least favorable rocks such as shale or granite gneiss to as much as 300 gallons per minute in limestone. In any one rock type, substantially greater than average sustained yields are possible in structurally deformed areas or in areas where recharge potential is especially favorable.

Water Supply Paper↗
USGS1964

Geology and ground-water resources of the Anchorage area, Alaska

The Anchorage area, at the head of Cook Inlet in south-central Alaska, occupies 150 square miles of a glaciated lowland and lies between two estuaries and the Chugach Mountains. Two military bases are in the area; Anchorage is the largest city in Alaska and the chief transportation center for this part of the State. The bedrock in the Anchorage area is chiefly Tertiary shale in the lowland and metamorphic rocks of Mesozoic age beneath the adjacent mountain slopes. Glacial drift which underlies nearly the entire area has an average thickness of several hundred feet and appears to include at least five sheets of deposits, two of which are exposed. The drift consists of till, outwash stream and lake deposits (sand and gravel), and estuarine (and lake) deposits (clay and silt). The stratigraphy and lateral distribution of the deposits are complex, but data at hand s, how that the thickest deposits, including all the estuarine and lake sediment and most of the stream-deposited sediment, are beneath the lowland away from the mountain wall, and that the deposits near the mountains are till and subordinate outwash sediments. Deposits of sand and gravel laid down by outwash streams in channels and on outwash plains are the most important aquifers, and the only ones which yield large quantities of ground water from single beds. Thin layers of sandy or gravelly material in till are also important aquifers although they yield relatively small quantities of water. Bedded sand and silt associated with the estuarine and lake(?) clay commonly becomes unstable during drilling and pumping, and has been successfully developed in only a few wells. Unconfined aquifers are extensive, but permeable saturated material is thin in many places and water supplies available from them are small or undependable in those places. The most important aquifers are confined or artesian. Clay and till form the confining beds: the till is somewhat 'leaky' in many places. Near Anchorage the buried water-bearing beds appear to be interconnected and to form a single artesian system. The water table and piezometric surface slope from the mountain wall of the lowland toward the estuaries, and the flow of the ground water is in that direction. The aquifers are recharged by the infiltration of precipitation at the land surface and of surface water through stream beds: near the mountains the artesian aquifers are probably recharged in part by percolation from the water-table aquifer, and far from the mountains the water-table aquifer is probably recharged in part by upward flow from the underlying artesian aquifers. In several valleys and in a few other places, in the lowland, artesian wells flow at the land surface. The outwash sand and gravel are moderately to very permeable; most of the other water-bearing material are much less permeable. The co- efficient of transmissibility for some single beds of sandy gravel is as high as 60,000 to I00,000 gpd per ft (gallons per day per foot); for the entire section of glacial drift at and near Anchorage it is believed to be of the order of 200,000 gpd per ft. Calculations based on this value for the total section and on the slope of the piezometric surface indicate that in the immediate vicinity of Anchorage about 5 million gpd flows through each mile-wide section of the drift (measured in a northeast-southwest direction, perpendicular to the direction of flow), under normal (nonpumping) conditions. Under conditions of continuous heavy pumping the slope of the piezometric surface is steepened, flow is increased, and additional recharge is induced. The highest yield reported from a well in this area is 2.600 gpm (gallons per minute) with 35 feet of drawdown: the highest reported specific capacity is 180 gpm per ft of drawdown, for a well pumped at. 270 gpm. Only a few wells in the area have been developed for high yields. Well screens have been used

Water Supply Paper↗