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A.R. Leonard

Publications and source records attributed to A.R. Leonard.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
USGS1983

Ground water in the northern part of Clackamas County, Oregon

Northern Clackamas County is part of the rapidly growing Portland metropolitan area. Population of this 250-square-mile area increased about 50 percent between 1970 and 1976. The study area includes a small segment of the Willamette River alluvial valley near Canby, and extends northward to the Clackamas River and eastward to the western boundary of Mount Hood National Forest. Also included is the narrow, well-populated corridor along U.S. Highway 26 from Cherryville to Government Camp. The main part of the study area is largely a rolling upland underlain by volcanic and stream-deposited rocks ranging in age from Eocene to Holocene. In most places, these rocks yield water in quantities adequate for individual homes. Locally, ground-water supplies are adequate for small irrigation, industrial, or public-supply uses. Depths of wells range from 50 to 1,000 feet; wells generally are shallowest in lowlands near streams and deepest in upland locations near deeply incised stream valleys. All aquifers receive recharge at sufficient rates to sustain present rates of natural and man-produced discharge. All aquifers could supply additional water, but careful engineering is needed to avoid overdevelopment problems for the Columbia River Basalt Group near Oregon City. Chemical analyses indicate that the ground water in the study area is of good quality for drinking and other uses. Mineralized water reported from some wells northeast of Canby may be from rocks of the Skamania Volcanics, which locally are at shallow depth. Although ground water locally may be subject to bacterial contamination where it occurs at shallow depths in alluvium and other unconsolidated deposits, no contaminated water was identified during the study.

Oregon↗
USGS1980

Evaluation of water resources in the Reedsport area, Oregon

The water supply for the Reedsport area is obtained from Clear Lake, a 310-acre coastal lake that contains 16, 600 acre-feet of water at full-pool. The lake receives about 6,000 acre-feet of water annually from runoff and direct precipitation, and it loses about 600 acre-feet by evaporation. The 2,100 acre-feet diverted annually for public supply is about two-thirds of the ' usable storage capacity ' of the lake volume above the water-supply outlet pipe. Clear Lake is classified as a warm monomictic lake; that is, it is thermally stratified except during winter. The water of Clear Lake is of the sodium chloride type and is low in dissolved solids and nutrients. The water is considered to be of good quality for public supply, on the basis of biological and chemical constituents analyzed, which include trace elements pesticides, and organic material. The only ground-water source with potential to supply the needs of the Reedsport area is the dune sand-marine aquifer between U.S. Highway 101 and the coast. That aquifer consists largely of medium- to fine-grained sand with a variable saturated thickness of at least 90 feet. The aquifer is estimated to contain at least 12 billion gallons of water and to receive annual recharge from precipitation equivalent to 10 million gallons per day. Wells in the most productive part of the aquifer could be expected to yield a few hundred gallons per minute. The only identified water-quality problem is excessive iron reported in water from some wells. Either Clear Lake or the major aquifer could supply the Reedsport area 's aticipated year 2000 need of about 2.4 million gallons per day.

Open-File Report↗
USGS1973

Ground water in selected areas in the Klamath Basin, Oregon

GROUNDWATER FEATURES OF SIX LOWLAND AREAS IN THE KLAMATH BASIN OF OREGON -- KLAMATH MARSH AREA, AND SPRAGUE RIVER, SWAN LAKE, YONNA, POE, AND LANGELL VALLEYS--ARE DESCRIBED. RUGGED MOUNTAINS AND RIDGES SURROUND AND SEPARATE THESE LOWLANDS WHERE FLOORS RANGE IN ALTITUDE FROM 4,100 FEET IN POE VALLEY TO 4,600 FEET NORTH OF KLAMATH MARSH. THE SIX AREAS EXTEND OVER A NORTH-SOUTH DISTANCE OF 70 MILES, AN EAST-WEST DISTANCE OF 40 MILES, AND INCLUDE AN AREA OF APPROXIMATELY 600 SQUARE MILES. THE AREA IS SEMIARID AND RECEIVED ABOUT 14 TO 18 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION A YEAR. EXTINCT VOLCANOES AND THEIR EXTRUSIONS CHARACTERIZE THE AREA. MOST WELLS TAP PERMEABLE BASALT OR CINDERY RUBBLE BENEATH THE LACUSTRINE BEDS. THE DEPTHS OF WELLS RANGE FROM LESS THAN 50 TO NEARLY 2,000 FEET--MOST ARE BETWEEN 100 AND 1,000 FEET DEEP. FLOWING WELLS OCCUR IN ALL AREAS EXCEPT SWAN LAKE VALLEY. THE MOST EXTENSIVE AREA OF FLOWING WELLS IS IN THE SPRAGUE RIVER VALLEY, WHERE ABOUT 25 WELLS, SOME FLOWING MORE THAN 2,000 GPM, SUPPLY WATER FOR IRRIGATION. WATER LEVELS IN WELLS FLUCTUATE SEASONALLY FROM 1 TO 4 FEET. GROUNDWATER IN THE BASIN IS OF EXCELLENT QUALITY FOR DRINKING, IRRIGATION, AND MOST INDUSTRIAL USES.

Oregon↗
USGS1960

Ground water in Oklahoma

One of the first requisites for the intelligent planning of utilization and control of water and for the administration of laws relating to its use is data on the quantity, quality, and mode of occurrence of the available supplies. The collection, evaluation and interpretation, and publication of such data are among the primary functions of the U. S. Geological Survey, Since 1895 the Congress has made appropriations to the Survey for investigation of the water resources of the Nation. In 1929 the Congress adopted the policy of dollar-for-dollar cooperation with the States and local governmental agencies in water resources investigations of the U. S. Geological Survey, In 1937 a program of ground-water investigations was started in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey, and in 1949 this program was expanded to include cooperation with the Oklahoma Planning and Resources Board, In 1957 the State Legislature created the Oklahoma Water Resources Board as the principal State water agency and it became the principal local cooperator.

Oklahoma↗
USGS1958

Ground water in the alluvial deposits of the Washita River and its tributaries in Oklahoma

Physical features.--The Washita River heads in the Texas Panhandle, in Hemphill, Roberts, and Wheeler Counties. It flows generally east-southeastward through southwestern and south-central Oklahoma to its confluence with the Red River above Denison, Texas, at a point about 4 miles northwest of Cartwright, Oklahoma. That point of confluence is now beneath the waters of Lake Texoma, into which the river flows near Tishomingo in southern Johnston County. The average gradient of the Washita River is about 3.7 feet per mile, beginning with an elevation of about 2,800 feet at its source, and ending with an elevation of about 510 feet at its mouth. The river is about 626 miles in length. The total area of the Washita River drainage basin is about 7,945 square miles, of which about 463 square miles is in Texas. The 7,482 square miles of the basin in Oklahoma is in the 17 counties of Roger Mills, Beckham, Comanche, Grady, Stephens, McClain, Custer, Washita, Caddo, Kiowa, Garvin, Carter, Bryan, Murray, Pontotoc, Johnston and Marshall. The river has a winding, sinuous course. In some reaches, such as near Anadarko, it flows in broad meanders 3 or 4 miles across which have incised the bedrock. Throughout its course in Oklahoma the river meanders within its alluvial valley, so that the valley is much shorter than the river channel. In Texas and at the western edge of Oklahoma the Washita flows in a valley cut in rocks of the High Plains; much of the coarse gravel and sand of the alluvium is derived from these rocks. About nine-tenths of the Oklahoma portion of the valley, from western Roger Mills County to near Davis in northern Murray County, is cut in Permian redbeds. These red beds consist largely of shale, siltstone, and fine-grained sandstone. In the western part of the basin, down to about Mountain View in northeastern Kiowa County, they contain irregular layers of gypsum. The gypsum locally forms steep valley walls, such as those along State Highway 152 east of Cordell. (available as photostat copy only)

Open-File Report↗